Supramalleolar Ankle Foot Orthosis (SMAFO) non-circumferential

Medial and lateral trim lines extended to just proximal to the malleoli

Provides for increased subtalar joint control

Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis (DAFO)

Total contact and containment controls spasticity and decreases edge pressure problems

Rigid Ankle Foot Orthosis (Rigid AFO)

Various trim lines and strapping systems create various types of control

The position of the orthosis (degrees of dorsi/plantar flexion) produces different effects on various parts of the gait cycle

Rigid Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO with moulded leather strap)

Moulded leather straps over the medial or lateral maleolus are used to control severe medial/lateral spasticity of the subtalar joint or accommodate for contracted unstable midfoot deformities

Circumferential Ankle Foot Orthosis

The circumferential orthosis completely surrounds the lower leg and foot with a semi flexible plastic

An opening down the centre of the front and the thinner plastic on the anterior tibia and dorsum of the foot allows donning of the orthosis

Hybrid Plastic Ankle Foot Orthosis

The hybrid plastic orthoses combine a fexible plastic inner shell (modified polyethylene) and a rigid plastic outer shell (polypropylene or colyene)

Outer shell gives structural rigidity

Inner shell gives flexible dynamic control of the foot within the orthosis

Decreased pressure problems due to flexibility

Hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis
Hinged AFO with custom joints)

Hinged AFOs extend from distal to the fibular head to the toes and incorporate a hinge at the ankle joint

The joint can provide free motion, limit motion via stops set in the ankle joint or encourage motion by means of joint assists

Hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis
Hinged AFO with commercial joints)

Various available joints can provide free motion, limit motion or assisted motion

Joints include: Gillette, Tamarack (shown), Oklahoma, Gaffney, Camber Axis, PDC to name only a few

Can also be contructed as a hybrid utilizing a flexible inner shell

Floor Reaction (Ground Reaction) Ankle Foot Orthosis

Provide optimal dorsiflexion stop mechanics (GRF control) for crouch gait patterns

Thermoplastic or laminate construction

Posterior entry or proximal entry (shown) designs

Hinged Floor Reaction (Ground Reaction) Ankle Foot Orthosis

Provides adjustable dorsiflexion stop mechanics (GRF control) for crouch gait patterns with desired plantarflexion

Commercially available joints can provide adjustable plantar/dorsi flexion control

Posterior entry (shown) or proximal entry designs

Conventional Ankle Foot Orthosis (Conventional AFO)

Metal double upright orthosis attached to shoe

Controls ankle motion

Provides controlled stops or spring assist in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion depending upon the pathology

Can incorporate valgus/varus ankle straps for medial/lateral control

Conventional Patellar Tendon Bearing Orthosis ( PTB Orthosis)

Fabricated with metal uprights, a proximal thermoplastic shell and distal thermoplastic foot plate

Incorporates ankle joints or various control

Used in various injuries/pathologies requiring unloading distal to the knee

Transfers weightbearing from foot and ankle to patellar tendon and medial tibial flare

Patellar Tendon Bearing Orthosis     ( PTB Orthosis)

Lightweight thermoplastic orthosis molded from cast of patient

Transfers weightbearing from foot and ankle to patellar tendon and medial tibial flare

Rigid ankle section

Used in various injuries/pathologies requiring unloading distal to the knee

Conventional Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (Conventional KAFO)

Metal double upright orthosis extending from thigh to foot

Provides for frontal, sagital and transverse plane control of the knee and ankle

Various knee and ankle joints can be added to achieve desired function

Indicated over plastic designs where decreased extremity contact is desired

Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO)

Thermoplastic design

Indicated for control of motion and alignment of the knee and ankle

Provides for frontal, sagital and transverse plane control of the knee and ankle

Various knee and ankle joints can be added to achieve desired control of motion

Hip Abduction Orthosis

Controls femoral adduction/abduction

Used for patients with cerebral palsy, post-surgically for the elderly patient to control hip position after total hip replacement

Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (HKAFO)

Indicated for control of motion and alignment of the hip, knee and ankle

Provides frontal, sagital and transverse plane control for the hip, knee and ankle

Various hip, knee and ankle joints can be added to achieve desired control of motion